Krystal Kasal

Tropical rainforests still represent a treasure trove of undiscovered species. While many species of plants, animals, and insects have been identified over the years, some parts of these tropical ecosystems are difficult ...

The Neolithic period, considered to be the last part of the Stone Age, may have been a brutal time to be alive for many people in Europe. Archaeological studies have found evidence of massacres involving entire communities, ...

With the right technology, solar energy has the potential to meet all of the world's electricity needs, but we are still a long way off from that point. Still, governments around the world are setting high objectives for ...

Svalbard, an Arctic archipelago that is technically a part of Norway, lies about halfway between the northernmost part of Norway and the North Pole. Currently, about 60% of Svalbard's surface is covered in glaciers, but these ...

The progression of leaf coloring from green to the reds, oranges, and yellows of the fall season can be a spectacular sight to behold, but this process is also an important part of a plant's developmental cycle.

Before databases and spreadsheets, people had to find other ways to keep track of information. One of the more interesting recording-keeping systems was the khipu—a cord made of human hair from which additional cords were ...

The vast majority of coffee grown around the world consists of only two species: arabica (Coffea arabica) and robusta (Coffea canephora). The dependence on only these two species of coffee is proving to be a challenge in ...

The aridity index is an invaluable tool used for estimating how dry (or how humid) a location is based on the precipitation and evapotranspiration occurring in the area. It is useful for predicting the severity of droughts, ...

Immunotherapy employs patients' own immune systems to fight cancer, and it has shown itself to be an effective treatment in many cases. However, some cancers, like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), show resistance to ...

Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) have long been known for their impressive migration abilities, with North American species traveling around 3,000 miles from the United States and Canada into Mexico or Southern California ...

Work can be a boon or a burden, depending on who you ask. For many, the thought of having nothing to fill their days after retirement is distressing, while others might look forward to filling their days with all the activities ...

Sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) have been slowly disappearing from ocean floors over the last few decades, mostly due to overfishing for food and medicinal purposes. Despite their name, sea cucumbers are aquatic animals ...

Most people are aware that an asteroid wiped out much of life on Earth around 65 million years ago, and this knowledge contributes to that chill of fear that many people experience, at least occasionally, that something like ...

While all seeds produced within a fruit have the same maternal genome, the paternal genomes of seeds can come from the pollen of one or more paternal parents. A common assumption about flowering plants is that the ovules ...

AI is a relatively new tool, and despite its rapid deployment in nearly every aspect of our lives, researchers are still trying to figure out how its "personality traits" arise and how to control them. Large learning models ...