Bedside blood-testing device could reduce toxic side effects of childhood cancer treatment
A bedside drug monitoring tool used to calculate how much cancer medicine is in a patient's blood could help to reduce heart problems and other treatment-associated side effects experienced by thousands of children in the U.K. who receive chemotherapy drugs.
ChromaDose is a research project involving a consortium of U.K. scientists, clinicians and patients who are developing a point-of-care therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) that could be available in hospitals by 2025.
It is hoped the device will help reduce the incidence of life-limiting health complications, such as heart problems and other treatment-related side effects experienced by up to 65% of the 10,000 children in the U.K. who have received anti-cancer medicines including anthracyclines, by helping doctors calculate tailored doses for future patients.
The ChromaDose technology is based on an inexpensive and simple chemical analysis, which can be carried out quickly and easily at the bedside.
The three-year project is a collaboration between researchers, clinicians and patients from University College London, Newcastle University, Great Ormond Street Hospital, the University of Birmingham, the London In-Vitro Diagnostics Co-operative and manufacturer Vesynta Ltd. It was exhibited at the Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition in London, 4–9 July.
The aim of the work is to enable all children receiving chemotherapy to benefit from the safety and effectiveness of personalized treatment.
Professor Pamela Kearns, pediatric oncologist and director of Cancer Research UK's Clinical Trials Unit, is one of the clinicians involved in the project: "There are huge variations in the way children distribute, metabolize and clear drugs from their bodies so using height and weight measurements, as we have historically done, is inherently inaccurate. Many children are potentially either under-dosed, which reduces efficacy, or over-dosed which results in toxic side effects.
"Getting the right dose of chemotherapy medicine for each patient, especially newborns and infants in their first weeks of life, is vital to both optimize efficacy and minimize toxic side effects. It's a fine balance and if we get it wrong it can have serious implications."
Professor of cancer pharmacology at Newcastle University, Gareth Veal, said, "Centralized TDM of other cancer drugs, namely carboplatin, has been shown to deliver clinical benefit and reduce toxic side effects but only a small proportion of children are currently offered this service. The administrative and logistical burden of transporting samples to the Newcastle laboratory and being on hand to receive the results and integrate them into a dosing regimen is currently high.
"A bedside therapeutic monitoring tool would be a game-changer and has the potential to improve clinical outcomes in the long-term for a significantly increased number of childhood cancer patients."
Survival rates in childhood cancer have increased in the U.K. with more than 70% of patients surviving 20 years or more following diagnosis, but this also comes at a cost of elevated risk of life-changing, long-term side effects in adulthood.
Many oncologists believe bedside TDM will be an important step towards achieving the best survival outcomes with the least toxic cost to patients, but while diagnostic techniques are developing quickly, cutting-edge approaches do not always translate to the clinic.
Professor of adaptive and responsive nanomaterials at UCL and co-lead on the ChromaDose project, Stefan Guldin, said, "Because we were previously struggling to translate a lab-proven but complex scientific concept, we devised a simpler, more robust process that gives us surprisingly accurate results, even when used by a non-specialist.
"The technique combines chromatographic separation and fluorescence-based quantification, which we deploy in a medicine specific disposable cartridge that can be analyzed on a desktop."
Provided by Royal Society